Natural Ways to Improve Your Love Life—and Long Term Health

It’s been said that you can’t be too thin, too rich or have too much sex. Good health and good sex go hand in hand. If you’re in perfect health, you’re bound to have a good sex life … and if you already have a great sex life, consider yourself lucky. Because, unfortunately, a large percentage of Americans are unsatisfied in bed, which is evident by the millions of men—young and old—who take pharmaceutical drugs for erectile dysfunction.

Statistically things are even worse for women. The National Health and Social Life survey found that 43% of US women experience sexual dysfunction versus 31% of males. The results indicate that sexual dysfunction is an important public health concern, with links to diabetes, obesity, smoking, and emotional problems.1

Sex is important to your well-being

Sex may be prevalent in advertising and in the movies, but sexual dysfunction is a growing concern in America today. In fact, experts say it is reaching epidemic proportions—in both men and women.

But sex is important to your overall health, and sex therapists say that talking to your partner about orgasm and what feels good—or not so good—is an essential part of a healthy sex life. Most people, however, would rather brush their sex problems under the bed covers. This leads to other problems, ranging from relationship issues to possible health problems. Because sexual health and your overall health are intimately linked, and if you choose to ignore a sexual problem it will inevitably affect your quality of life.

When is the last time you had a really fabulous time in bed?

Remember how great you felt the next day? There’s a physiological explanation for that feeling of elation.

Sex helps you to live longer. A study conducted by Queens University in Belfast, Ireland, found that sex on a regular basis is not only healthy for our bodies but also improves our longevity. A study in the British Medical Journal tracked the mortality of about 1,000 middle-aged men over the course of a decade. The study compared men of comparable age and health and found that men who had the highest frequency of orgasm had a death rate half that of the other men who did not orgasm frequently.2

Sex reduces pain and depression. Right before orgasm the hormone oxytocin reaches five times the normal level, which in turn causes the release of endorphins, the natural feel good, pain-reducing hormone.

Sex boosts your self-esteem and helps strengthen the bond between you and your partner.

Sex is good for your heart and overall fitness. Even though your heart rate stays elevated for a short period of time, you burn up to 200 calories during sex, the equivalent to running 15 minutes on a treadmill. After sex your blood vessels dilate and blood pressure is reduced. In fact, research shows that men who have sex three or more times a week reduce their risk of stroke and heart attack by half.

Sex boosts your immune system. Researchers at Wilkes University in Pennsylvania found that people who have sex once or twice a week have 30% higher levels of Immunoglobulin A, an antibody that helps protect you from infections.

Sex helps you sleep better. The deep mental and physical relaxation after orgasm is a great prelude to sleep.

Sex makes a woman’s complexion glow. Women who have more sex have higher levels of estrogen, which is essential to healthy, smooth and shiny skin. In fact, studies have shown that if women have sex at least once a week—either with a partner or by self-pleasuring—they can have twice as much estrogen circulating throughout their body. The increase in estrogen helps protect against heart disease and osteoporosis, too. As an added bonus, the more sex you have, the more your partner will desire you because the more sexually active you are, the more pheromones you release. And these chemicals, in turn, attract interest from the opposite sex.

Sex helps keep the prostate healthy. Regular ejaculation is thought to empty the prostate of prostatic fluid, “flushing” any carcinogens that have accumulated from the gland. Interestingly, a study by the National Cancer Institute followed 30,000 middle-aged or elderly white men over a period of eight years and found that higher ejaculation frequency during the men’s early adulthood correlated with a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer after middle-age. Men who had ejaculated 21 times per month were found to be 33% less likely to develop prostate cancer than those who had ejaculated four to seven times per month.3

“The National Health and Social Life survey found that 43% of US women experience sexual dysfunction versus 31% of males. The results indicate that sexual dysfunction is an important public health concern, with links to diabetes, obesity, smoking, and emotial problems. 1”

Ready to rev up your sex life?

The good news is there are a number of prosexual herbs and nutrients that can help you get in the mood … and rev up your sex life. It’s true; you can enjoy increased desire and sensation, stronger orgasms, and increased stamina with natural prosexual nutrients. But first, we need to understand where the human sex drive comes from. For that, we need to understand the role testosterone plays in both male and female sexuality.

Testosterone—the hormone of desire

If libido is the engine of sexuality, then testosterone is the fuel that keeps it running, says Jonathan V. Wright, M.D. co-author of Maximize your Vitality and Potency.

Testosterone is the most important hormone for healthy, satisfying sex, in both men and women. The only difference is that women naturally have much lower levels of testosterone than men, and after menopause women generally have very low levels, which explains the dramatic drop in sex drive that often occurs.

But whether you are a man or a woman, studies indicate that as we age there is a natural decline in testosterone levels. And even though it’s natural, it’s not a good thing, because low testosterone levels are linked to:

Low libido/less interest in sex
Decrease in virility
Poor sleep
Fatigue
Depression
Osteoporosis
An increase in abdominal fat
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes

Without testosterone women have no sex drive at all

Just as men’s bodies manufacture small amounts of estrogen, women’s bodies produce testosterone through the ovaries and adrenal glands. Testosterone boosts both libido and energy, maintains muscle mass, strengthens bone, and in women it ensures sensitivity to sexual pleasure.

As women age, their bodies produce less testosterone. By age 40, women produce about half the testosterone as in their twenties. With the onset of menopause or after surgical removal of the ovaries, these levels drop even more. Studies have shown that the diminished energy, decreased sexual desire, and flat mood that some women experience during and after menopause are directly related to diminishing levels of testosterone.

Boosting testosterone levels has been shown to increase sexual arousal in women. In one study, the researchers reported that after sublingual intake of testosterone, the women who were treated experienced a significant increase in genital arousal, genital sensations, and sexual desire.4

But finding the proper testosterone dosage is a bit tricky for women. If you take too much you can grow facial hair and start to exhibit other male characteristics. Your best bet is to test your free testosterone levels with a saliva test and to take a prosexual nutrient that naturally helps your body replenish diminishing levels. Note: www.aeron.com provides quality saliva testing for hormones.

Global sex survey reveals:

Americans Have Less Sex Than Just About Everyone Else In The World

The United States ranked 23rd out of 26 in sexual frequency according to the just released Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey. The survey questioned more than 26,000 people across 26 countries about every aspect of their sex lives in an effort to comprehensively chart what constitutes sexual wellbeing.

On average, Greeks have the most sex at 164 times a year, followed by Brazilians (145 times). Americans were near the bottom of the list having sex only 85 times a year (about once every 4.3 days). Only the Japanese (48 times), people in Hong Kong (82 times) and Nigerians (84 times) have less sex. However, less than half of Americans (48%) are fully satisfied with their sex lives.

Other Findings About Americans

The Durex survey shows that sexual satisfaction is about positive emotional and physical experiences. The survey also revealed that the sexual priorities of Americans are changing. More romance and quality time, along with a little more fun in the bedroom seem to be on our minds. Other key findings include:

While satisfaction levels in America are low (48%), the majority believe sex is an important and vital part of life (80%) and beneficial to our health and wellbeing (81%).

Factors that might improve sexual frequency and satisfaction for Americans come to light considering:

37% believe less stress and tiredness would improve satisfaction.
35% would like more quality time alone with their partners and more romance.
27% want better communications and better intimacy.
23% would like more fun.
About six in ten Americans (59%) claim to orgasm frequently.
On average, Americans devote 18 minutes to each session.

Sexual problems plague Americans, too. For example:

41% of American women say they have experienced painful sex at some stage.
Nearly half (49%) of American women have had vaginal dryness—a condition which appears to be prevalent globally among teenagers, rather than affecting new mothers and older women.
31% of American men have reported difficulties in having an erection and a third have had problems sustaining one.

Conducted by Harris Interactive, participating countries were Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States.

Source: http://www.durexsexualwellbeing.com [Accessed January 11, 2008]

Testosterone levels decline in men … and so does sex drive

In men, about 95% of testosterone is produced in the testes by Leydig cells (also called interstitial cells). The rest is produced in the adrenal glands. In most men, testosterone levels remain normal until about age 50 or 60, at which point they start to decline. The biochemistry is a bit complicated, but for simplicity’s sake, what we can tell you for certain is that this decline results in a decrease in libido and sexual function.

Added to the typical age-related drop in testosterone, a new study shows a mysterious drop in the average blood levels of testosterone in 1,500 middle-aged Boston men over the last 20 years. In 1988, men who were 50 years old had higher serum testosterone concentrations than did comparable 50-year-old men in 1996, said Thomas Travison, one of the researchers at the New England Research Institutes in Watertown, Massachusetts.

“This suggests that some factor other than age may be contributing to the observed declines in testosterone over time,” he adds. Obesity and smoking don’t appear to explain the results, the study shows.

The reasons for that decline aren’t clear, but the participants’ average testosterone levels remained in the normal range.5

Clearly, testosterone is important for both female and male sexual health. Below are some natural herbs and nutrients that promote healthy testosterone levels.

These prosexual herbs and nutrients can raise testosterone levels

Tribulus terrestris—for healthier sperm and increased libido
Tribulus terrestris—also known as the puncture vine—has been used as a prosexual herb for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks used it as a general health tonic and diuretic. The Chinese used it as a cure for impotence. Tribulus terrestris has positive effects on testosterone metabolism and has been shown to:

Improve erectile dysfunction
Increase fertility in men and women6
Reduce cholesterol levels7
Act as an anti-hypertensive8
Provide antioxidants
Reduce serum glucose levels9
Help ease the symptoms of menopause

Tribulus terrestris is an herb that has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years to treat infertility, erectile dysfunction, and low libido. In the past decade it has also become popular as a sports performance enhancer.

Although there haven’t been any well-designed human studies yet, animal studies have found that tribulus heightens sexual behavior in laboratory animals by increasing testosterone levels.

A recent study found that animals that were given tribulus had a significant increase in testosterone levels when compared to the control group.10

Another study found that animals given tribulus had an increase in blood flow into the corpus cavernosa of the penis, which was most likely from the result of an increase in testosterone and the release of nitric oxide (NO). NO is an essential component of blood circulation, which is vital to normal sexual function in men and women.11

Tribulus also provides menopausal relief in women

In an open study, 98% of 50 menopausal women experienced some symptom relief of hot flashes, sweating, insomnia, and depression after treatment with tribulus. 52% of patients were experiencing natural menopause and 48% had postoperative symptoms after removal of their ovaries.12

Although tribulus is safe for men and women, pregnant and nursing women should not use it.

Eurycoma longifolia—for natural libido enhancement

Eurycoma longifolia has been used for centuries in Malaysia and Indonesia as a safe and effective libido enhancer for men and women. In modern day Southeast Asia, eurycoma is a popular additive to soft drinks, coffee, and tea as an overall health enhancer. There are a number of studies on animals showing that it increases sexual performance,13 ,14 and currently there is a study being conducted by the Malaysian government and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to determine how eurycoma enhances the availability of testosterone.

According to anecdotal evidence, 80 to 90% of people who try eurycoma notice a definite increase in their libido.

Eurycoma is a safe and natural sex enhancer. There are no safety precautions because there have been no documented negative side effects.

Improve your overall health and sex life with these prosexual nutrients

Yohimbe extract—for heightened libido, increased tactile sensation, multiple orgasms

Yohimbe increases sexual desire, sensation, and orgasms in both men and women, and helps men get harder erections and have greater stamina.

Yohimbe is a natural herbal extract of Corynanthe bark from a tree found in western Africa. Yohimbine is the name for its active ingredient. Yohimbe has been used in African folk medicine for centuries to give warriors stamina and strength, and to treat fevers, leprosy, and coughs. Its most popular use, however, as been as an aphrodisiac. It’s been used for the past 75 years in Europe to treat erectile dysfunction, and the FDA approved yohimbine as a treatment for ED in the late 1980s.

Yohimbine is an alpha-blocker. It works by inhibiting the alpha-2 adrenergic system, dilating blood vessels and increasing blood flow in the penis, which helps to improve erectile function. It is also reported to increase female libido. One significant discovery is that yohimbine has been used successfully to treat erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes.15

Yohimbe is also prescribed for weight loss by natural health practitioners at Bastyr University, who claim it is more effective and safer than the stimulant ephedra.

Although studies on yohimbe are limited, it has a long history of efficacy and safety. In-depth, systematic studies in animals have shown that it has a remarkable positive effect on sexual performance. Meta-analyses of the few controlled, randomized human studies have consistently shown an advantage of yohimbine over placebo.16 Despite such a long history and encouraging activity, the herb has not yet been subjected to scientifically rigorous human clinical trials, most likely because it doesn’t have patent protection or commercial viability—meaning the pharmaceutical industry won’t make a lot of money off it.17

Yohimbine is not recommended for pregnant women, children, those with kidney problems or with histories of gastric or duodenal ulcer. Geriatric patients should consult with their physician before using yohimbine.

Everything you always wanted to know about sex but were afraid to ask.

1. Can a man have multiple orgasms like a woman?
A major difference between the female and the male orgasmic phase is that far more women than men have the physical capability to have one or more additional orgasms within a short time without dropping below the plateau of sexual arousal.
Being multi-orgasmic depends on both continued stimulation and sexual interest. Because neither of these is present every time for most women, multiple orgasms do not occur with every sexual encounter.

On the other hand, upon ejaculation, men enter a recovery phase called the refractory period. During this time, further orgasm or ejaculation is physiologically impossible. However, some men can learn to have an orgasm without ejaculating, thereby making it possible to experience multiple orgasms.

2. Does the size of a man’s penis really matter in how much pleasure a woman feels?
Supposedly not, according to sex therapists. In fact, many of them say that a man with a smaller penis is able to please his partner more because he puts more attention on applying pressure in all the right places.

3. Sex without adequate lubrication can be uncomfortable, but can it also be dangerous?
Yes. The friction can cause tiny tears in the vagina, leaving the woman more susceptible to STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). Dryness also contributes to the danger of condoms tearing. The use of antihistamines, birth-control pills and other pharmaceuticals, and stress can reduce the amount of lubrication. Our suggestions: Engage in more foreplay, and/or use a water-based lubricant. We’ll leave it up to your imagination as to how and where you apply it.

4. Where exactly is the G spot?
According to Beverly Whipple, co-author of the book The G Spot, the G-spot (the Gräfenberg spot) is on the upper wall of the vagina, so in order to stimulate this area during vaginal intercourse, you have to have a position in which the penis will stimulate the area. Some positions that work are the woman on top, or rear entry with the man standing up or kneeling up so the angle of the penis will hit toward that front anterior wall of the vagina.

5. Is it true that a woman can ejaculate?
According to Beverly Whipple, the answer is yes. She, along with colleagues Alice Ladas and John Perry, broke through the silence and embarrassment that clouded the subject of female ejaculate.

When the G Spot is stimulated, between 11 o’clock and 1 o’clock if a woman is lying on her back, it swells and secretes a fluid. The amount is very small, about a teaspoon, and remains in the urethra or goes back into the bladder if the woman is on her back. “The proof is over 30 research studies that have compared the fluid that is ejaculated by women. Chemically it is very different from urine,” says Whipple. “What we measured looked like watered-down fat-free milk, and the women reported it tasted sweet, and that’s because it contains glucose and fructose.”

Researchers believe that female ejaculate is produced by the Skene’s glands, which are located in a woman’s urethra and are made of tissue that is similar in composition to a man’s prostate gland. Chemical analysis of female ejaculate reveals the presence of high levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (a chemical secreted by the prostate gland and found in semen). This would seem to indicate that a woman’s ejaculation is similar in composition to semen—without the sperm, of course.

6. Can having an orgasm increase a woman’s chance of conceiving?
Surprisingly, yes! Some researchers believe that oxytocin, a hormone released in peak levels during orgasm, causes uterine contractions that encourage sperm to swim towards the egg.

7. Are there any health benefits to self-pleasuring (aka masturbation)?
Yes. Studies show that orgasm can reduce sensitivity to pain, relieve menstrual cramps, and alleviate stress—possibly due to a surge in oxytocin and dopamine.

8. Can a man have an orgasm without ejaculating?
Yes. Although they typically occur together, a man can have an orgasm without ejaculating. Although ejaculation of semen accompanies orgasm and sexual pleasure, erection and orgasm are controlled by separate mechanisms and semen emission is not essential for enjoyable sex in most people.

9. What happens to semen once it’s ejaculated into the vagina?
If the woman gets up to go to the bathroom, because of gravity or the squeezing of the vaginal muscles it usually comes out. If she stays in bed and goes to sleep a small amount of fluid will travel through the cervix, but at least half is absorbed through the vaginal walls. Some will leak out when she gets out of bed.

10. What is the function of the clitoris?
The clitoris has no other function than that of sexual pleasure. The head of the clitoris is composed of erectile tissue. It possesses a very sensitive epithelium or surface covering, supplied with special nerve endings called genital corpuscles. These corpuscles are peculiarly adapted for sensory stimulation that under proper mental conditions terminates in the sexual orgasm. No other part of the female generative tract has such corpuscles.

11. How long does an average orgasm last?
The average male orgasm lasts 6 seconds. The average female orgasm lasts around 20 seconds, but some women have the capability to extend that further through multiple orgasms.

L-Arginine—greater staying power and intensity of sexual response

Arginine is an amino acid that is one of the building blocks of protein in the body. It is available as a supplement known as L-Arginine. Arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide (NO), which is credited with being the major neurochemical responsible for causing penile erections. Since impaired formation and action of NO is one of the causes of erectile dysfunction, it makes sense that arginine supplementation has a positive effect on enhancing libido and producing more sensation and intensity in men and women.18 L-Arginine has also been shown to produce stronger, longer-lasting and more frequent erections.

A recent double-blind, placebo controlled study of 50 men showed that after one month of taking a supplement of L-Arginine and pine bark extract erectile function was fully restored to normal.19
Added benefits: L-Arginine has been used for angina, heart diseases, atherosclerosis, lack of growth hormone, preventing blood clots, high blood pressure, frequent urinary tract infections, migraine headache, to assist in weight loss, diabetes, and to increase the body’s ability to fight disease.

L-Arginine users say they can achieve a prosexual effect by taking it 45 minutes before sex. There are few reported side effects. The most notable are:

People with herpes—L-Arginine may increase the severity of attacks, but some reports indicate that it may also enhance your immune function enough so you are less likely to get herpes attacks.
Diabetics and borderline diabetics—L-Arginine can raise blood-sugar levels.

Choline—for increased sexual endurance

Choline is the important nutrient that fuels tissue renewal and helps build acetylcholine (ACh). It is so vital to thought and nerve function that without it we couldn’t move, think, sleep or remember anything. It’s important to note that sex arousal starts in the brain, not in your groin, and guess what—acetylcholine is the transmitter that carries the message from your brain to the spinal nerves to the penis and vagina saying that you are engaging in sex and could use a little help with sustaining arousal and achieving orgasm.

Studies confirm a key role for cholinergic nerve transmission in sexual responses. Simply speaking, with too little acetylcholine sexual activity goes down. When acetylcholine levels go up, sexual activity goes up. Acetylcholine plays a major role in the physiological build-up to orgasm, as well as the intensity and duration of the vaginal and urethral contractions that occur during orgasm.20

The added benefit to taking a choline supplement is that increased levels of acetylcholine help elevate mood and improve mental alertness, memory and learning. This is the prosexual nutrient to help you get in the mood and have fantastic orgasms.

EDTA (calcium disodium EDTA)—keep your heart pumping so you can have sex

It’s often heard that the best way to die—besides during sleep—is during a frisky romp in bed. And it’s not really that uncommon. During sex you get a pretty good work out, and there is a lot of heavy breathing and such. If your arteries are blocked you really could have a massive heart attack doing what you love best. That’s why it’s so important to make sure your cardiovascular system is in top-notch shape.

One of the best ways to do that is to take a natural oral chelator that has been scientifically proven to remove toxic heavy metals from the blood stream.

Additionally, nitric oxide—which is necessary for men to have a healthy erection and for women to have a healthy sexual response—is produced by endothelial cells that line your blood vessels. If the endothelial cells contain lead or other heavy metals, nitric oxide production is impaired, which could lead to sexual dysfunction.

Taking a natural oral chelator is one of the best ways to ensure that your sex life remains healthy, as well as your cardiovascular system.

Ginkgo biloba—for enhanced erections and improved mental sharpness

Many research studies have shown ginkgo biloba to be a major aid in improving blood flow through small blood vessels. In one study conducted in Germany, 60 men with erectile dysfunction were asked to take ginkgo biloba extract, 60 mg daily, for 12 to 18 months. The first signs of improvement were seen after six to eight weeks. After six months, 30 of the 60 men had regained erectile function.21

If your sex life has suffered as a result of taking an antidepressant drug, this is the prosexual nutrient you’ll want to try. Studies have shown that ginkgo is effective at treating sexual dysfunction when it is a side effect from taking antidepressants.

In one study, ginkgo was 84% effective. A group of men and women received 120 mg of ginkgo twice a day for four weeks and experienced improvement in all four phases of the sexual response cycle: desire, excitement (erection and lubrication), orgasm, and resolution (afterglow). And the added bonus was that 91% of the women and 76% of the men became less depressed.22

But even if you haven’t taken an antidepressant drug, ginkgo might do wonders for your sex life because it is incredibly beneficial to healthy blood flow to all parts of your body, including the genitalia. Many studies also indicated that ginkgo biloba also significantly increases mental acuity and memory. And the added benefits are that it will help keep your brain and vascular system healthy.23

Siberian ginseng—for stamina and endurance

Siberian ginseng has been used for thousands of years to boost sexual performance. Studies show that it increases testosterone plasma levels. It has also been linked to the release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells, resulting in increased blood flow.

The added bonus is that Siberian ginseng is also an amazing immune protector and improves physical endurance—which are both needed for a healthy sex life.24

Other studies support improved penile function, libido and sexual satisfaction.25

How soon will I notice a difference with a natural libido enhancer?

It’s important to realize that first of all everyone is different. If you’ve suffered from erectile dysfunction for quite a while or have been under a lot of stress, it could take a few weeks to restore your sexual desire. If you’re a perimenopausal or menopausal woman, it could also take weeks to restore balanced hormones. Two things we know for sure are that these herbs rarely function like Viagra®. It’s unlikely that you will notice an immediate effect upon taking a dose. It could take a day or two or up to a few weeks to notice a strong difference. It is worth it to be patient. If you continue taking these supplements you will notice a difference! There is a definite cumulative effect that reflects a balancing of your hormones. So stick with it! Your lover will appreciate it … and so will you!

How do I know which prosexual nutrient(s) is right for me?

It’s basically a question of experimenting with what works best and makes you feel good. You may find that you obtain great success with one product that contains several prosexual nutrients in one supplement. Or you may find that ginkgo biloba and choline do the trick in sustaining a better erection or achieving a stronger orgasm. Whatever you use, rest assured that these herbs and nutrients are safe, natural ways to enhance the pleasure you and your partner receive from a healthy sexual relationship.

Conclusion

There is an important relationship between overall health and sexual satisfaction that relies on a healthy lifestyle, including a whole-foods diet, stress management and quality sleep. Having a good sex life, in turn, produces “feel good” hormones, that make us happy.

In fact, research has shown that sex is more important to happiness than money is. After analyzing data on the self-reported levels of sexual activity and happiness of 16,000 people, Dartmouth College economist David Blachflower and Andrew Oswald of the University of Warwick in England report that sex “enters so strongly (and) positively in happiness equations” that they estimate increasing intercourse from once a month to once a week is equivalent to the amount of happiness generated by getting an additional $50,000 in income for the average American.26

So, if you want to feel like a million bucks, get on the bandwagon of including prosexual nutrients in your health regimen. Enjoy revitalized self-esteem, better health, improved relationships and, of course, better sex!

References

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George Davey Smith, Stephen Frankel, John Yarnell. Sex and death: are they related? Findings from the Caerphilly cohort study.
BMJ: British Medical Journal, International Edition BMJ 1997;315:1641-1644 (20 December).
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Leitzman et al, “Ejaculation Frequency and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol 291, page 1578.
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Adriaan Tuiten, Jack Van Honk, Hans Koppeschaar, Coen Bernaards, Jos Thijssen, Rien Verbaten, Time Course of Effects of Testosterone Administration on Sexual Arousal in Women Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:149-153.
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Travison, T. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oct. 2, 2006; online edition. News release, The Endocrine Society.
Bone, Kerry. Tribulus for sexual dysfunction in men and women. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, Dec, 2004.
Chu S, Qu W, Pang X, Sun B, Huang X.Effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris on hyperlipidemia Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 May;26(5):341-4.
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Phillips OA, Mathew KT, Oriowo MA Antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 6;104(3):351-5. Epub 2005 Nov 9.
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Amin A, Lotfy M, Shafiullah M, Adeghate E. The protective effect of Tribulus terrestris in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Nov;1084:391-401.
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El-Tantawy WH, Temraz A, El-Gindi OD. Free serum testosterone level in male rats treated with Tribulus alatus extracts. Int Braz J Urol. 2007 Jul-Aug;33(4):554-8; discussion 558-9.
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Zarkova S. Tribestan: Experimental and Clinical Investigations. Chemical Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M.Sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats after oral administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;15(3-4):303-9.
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Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances sexual motivation in middle-aged male mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;14(3):301-8.
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Ernst E, Pittler MH. Yohimbine for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Urol. 1998;159(2):433-436.
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Carey MP, Johnson BT. Effectiveness of yohimbine in the treatment of erectile disorder: four meta-analytic integrations. Arch.Sex Behav. 1996;25(4):341-360.
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Morales A. Yohimbine in erectile dysfunction: the facts, Int J Impot Res. 2000 Mar;12 Suppl 1:S70-7.
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Toda N, Ayajiki K, Okamura T. Nitric oxide and penile erectile function. Pharmacol Ther. 2005 May;106(2):233-66. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
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Stanislavov R, Nikolova V, Rohdewald P. Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Int J Impot Res. 2007 Aug 16; [Epub ahead of print].
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Pearson D; Shaw S. The Life Extension Companion. New York: Warner Books, 1984.
Sikora R, Sohn M, Friedrich J, Rohrmann D, Schafer W, Anchlen F. Ginkgo biloba extract in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 1989; 141:188A.
Cohen AJ, Bartlik B. Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther. 1998 Apr-Jun;24(2):139-43.
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McKay D. Nutrients and botanicals for erectile dysfunction: examining the evidence. Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar;9(1):4-16.
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Presser, Arthur M. Pharmacists’ Guide to Medicinal Herbs Smart Publications, 2000, Petaluma, CA.
Kwan CY, Zhang WB, Sim SM, et al. Vascular effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcussenticosus): endothelium-dependent NO- and EDHF-mediated relaxation depending on vessel size. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004;369:473-480.
Abstract
Blachflower, D. “Money, Sex and Happiness, An Empirical Study,” May 2000. David G. Blachflower, PhD, Bruce V. Raunder professor of economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. Robert Hatfield, PhD, assistant professor of psychology, University of Cincinnati; and certified sex therapist; spokesman, Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality.

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